The LEAD (Lung – hEart – sociAl – boDy) study is conducted in Vienna and involves more than 15,000 participants from Vienna and the surrounding area. It is the most comprehensive research study on prevention and health promotion among the Viennese population and was initiated in 2012 at the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, an institute of the Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, in cooperation with the partner organisations Vienna Health Care Group and Sigmund Freud PrivatUniversity. Due to its size and duration, the study provides internationally unique data. Since the lungs do not work as an isolated organ, in addition to lung function, it also collects comprehensive measurements of cardiovascular system function, metabolism, body composition, mental and cognitive functions, individual lifestyle and socio-economic factors. Comprehensive health data sets are now available, and a biobank has also been established since the start of the study. Every four years, these study participants aged 6–80, who were randomly invited, are examined repeatedly – the study is currently in its fourth visit.